Кафедра фармакології, клінічної фармакології, патологічної фізіології

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A Review of the Novel Antidiabetic Medications: Efficacy, Safety and Innovation
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2023-04-14) Sepideh Parchami Ghazaee; Viktor Tumanov; Natalia Voloshyna; Kateryna Marchenko-Tolsta; Murtaza Hameed
ntroduction: Type 2 diabetes is a chronic health condition affecting hundreds of millions of people. Type 2 diabetes has traditionally been combated with a combination of lifestyle modification, insulin therapy and pharmacological agents, including sulfonylureas, biguanides, thiazolidinediones and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. Type 2 diabetes is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and the development of diabetic kidney disease. Although sulfonylureas are low-cost drugs and widely prescribed, they have been shown in recent cardiovascular outcome trials to present a high risk of hypoglycemia, which in turn increases the risk of negative cardiovascular outcomes. Metformin, a biguanide that is the most commonly-prescribed antidiabetic agent worldwide, is contraindicated in patients with risk factors for lactic acidosis, including heart failure and chronic kidney disease. Objectives: The last decade has seen significant advances in the development of novel antidiabetic agents shown to possess both reno- and cardioprotective qualities. This article aims to review the available literature and recent studies demonstrating the efficacy and safety of these agents individually, as well as exploring areas of future development in the field. Methods: The reporting of this review is based on the 2020 PRISMA statement. A literature search for all papers related to antidiabetic medication was conducted using reliable sources such PubMed and Google Scholar Databases, including a recent meta-analysis of renal and cardiovascular outcome trials. Conclusion: A critical analysis of clinical trials on type 2 diabetes and the two most severe comorbidities in cardiovascular and chronic kidney diseases may help cardiologists, urologists and diabetes specialists to adapt their therapeutic approaches to individual patients. Data related to antidiabetic effects of agents of natural origin accompanied by their Cardioprotective and renoprotective capacity testify benefits of these compounds as novel therapeutic agents.
A Systematic Review of the Novel Targeted Immunobiological Medications in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Efficacy, Safety, and Innovation
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2024-03-28) Sepideh Parchami Ghazaee; Kateryna Marchenko-Tolsta; Petro Sereda; Murtaza Hameed; Sandra Lane
Introduction: Over the last half-century, the treatment and management of autoimmune rheumatic diseases have progressively improved, particularly with the contribution of immunobiological or biological therapies known as disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Although these agents have been generally efficient in the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), some patients experience limited efficacy and non-responsiveness to treatment. In addition, they may cause adverse clinical effects, further aggravating the disease. Objectives: Despite advancements in biological therapies, significant clinical needs persist. This review aims to discuss novel treatments, guiding future guidelines and drug discoveries for rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: This review follows the 2020 PRISMA statement, utilising PubMed and Google Scholar for literature search and emphasizing recent meta-analyses on the safety and efficacy of targeted immunobiological medications. Results: Small molecule inhibitors, whether utilised independently or in conjunction with Methotrexate, have been shown to contribute to effective disease management and have the potential for better adherence to the American College of Rheumatology criteria. Tocilizumab therapy demonstrates a significant reduction in disease activity and improves rates of disease remission when combined with Methotrexate. Investigations of mesenchymal stromal cell therapies have had promising outcomes, improving both cartilage quality (as evaluated by Macroscopic Cartilage Repair Assessment) and joint tenderness and swelling in clinical joint counts. Intra-articular administration of tolerogenic dendritic cells has displayed a capacity to alleviate pain, as measured by Visual Analog Scale scores, and enhance the Disease Activity Score across 28 joints. Resveratrol capsules supplemented with allopathic therapy show potential in reducing TNF-α and interleukin-6 serum levels. Conclusion: More investigations and their analysis will improve patient outcomes and reduce adverse effects and the costs involved in developing and obtaining immunobiological drugs. Moreover, assessing the safety and efficacy of anti-RA properties of the bioactive compounds could offer less toxic and more cost-effective natural treatment options.
AREVIEWOFTHEANTICANCERNATURALPRODUCTS:ALKALOIDS,FLAVONOIDS
(ДрукарняФОПГуляєваВ.М., 2022-09-05) Ghazaee Parchami; Kateryna Marchenko-Tolsta
According to the international agency for research on cancer 1 in 5 people develop cancer during their lifetime, suggesting that more than 50 million people are living within five years of a past cancer diagnosis (World Health Organization (WHO, 2020, para. 1). Despite novel approaches like nanomedicine, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy in cancer treatments during the last decades, chemoresistance has remained the chief hurdle in eliminating cancerous cells (Elgendy , Alyammahi & Alhamad, 2020, p. 103095). About 9 out of 10 cancer deaths are due to spreading of cancer cells from the primary tumor mass towards close and far tissues (a process called metastasis). Treatment failure followed by consequent recurrence of cancer cells and metastasis is the leading cause of death. Many survivors suffer from serious acute or chronic complications after cancer therapy (Qian, Mei, & Zhang, 2017, p.38). Furthermore, chemotherapy commonly induces a variety of side-effects in patients as a result of nonspecific action against both normal cells and cancerous cells. For instance, chemotherapeutic drugs result in alopecia by affecting not only fast dividing cancer cells, but hair follicles as well. Nausea and vomiting are the most common symptoms induced by chemotherapy, with gastrointestinal symptoms including diarrhea (and in some cases constipation) being another common side effect. Chemotherapy is also known to impair immune function and bone marrow activity (Li et al., 2020, p.599073). The identification of approved doses of anticancer drugs is another point to be given careful attention, especially those with higher cost and administered for a longer duration. Larger doses of chemotherapeutic drugs may increase the risk and severity of the aforementioned side effects, and are not cost-saving. Therefore, phytomedicines should be considered as an option not only for adjuvant therapy, but also in view of their comparatively low toxicity and ability to diminish adverse effects of chemotherapy in cancer patients. Natural products and their derivatives can be used as novel therapeutic interventions with improved pharmacological properties targeting tumor cells (Meriggi & Zaniboni, 2020, pp.1–11).
BIOLOGICAL ACTIVE SUBSTANCES OF NATURAL ORIGIN AND RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS, PREVENTION OR TREATMENT?
(ФОП Гуляєва В.М., 2023-05-23) Ghazaee Parchami; Kateryna Marchenko-Tolsta
According to population-based studies, the global prevalence of RA between 1980 and 2019 was 460 per 100,000 population. Trend analysis showed that RA was observed more in developed countries than developing countries (Almutairi, 2020, pp. 863-877). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are one of the symptomatic treatment options for RA. However, these medications are known to have multiple adverse effects including nephrotoxicity, gastrointestinal bleeding and ulceration, increasing blood pressure and the risk of first hospitalization due to congestive heart failure. Conventional disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are usually the first choice to diminish disability and improve long-term outcomes for people with RA. Biologics are much more costly than other subsets of DMARDs, they are commonly used as partial responders to traditional DMARDs. Although the combination of biologics and traditional DMARDs has demonstrated improved efficacy, the potential benefits and harms (such as cancer and infections) are still controversial. However, in spite of applying aggressive pharmacologic treatment regimens early in disease onset, complete clinical remission is not achieved (Guo et al., 2018, p.15). Although biological medications seem to effectively target molecular pathways involved in the inflammatory process of RA, there is a lack of long-term safety data regarding their use. Various investigations have demonstrated an increased prevalence in the use of herbal medicine in developing countries. Interestingly, a rise in the prevalence of herbs used as complementary and alternative medicine among chronic disease patients has been reported in recent years. The anti-inflammatory properties of some herbal products are well-known and they have fewer unwanted effects than existing anti-inflammatory medications. As such, herbs and their derivatives constitute a promising arena in novel medical therapies. Furthermore, the cost-effectiveness of natural products has been explored and summarized by high quality studies. Certain phytochemicals are considered to inhibit the release of inflammatory molecules to suppress inflammatory responses (Gandhi et al., 2022, pp.1-15). is the precursor of ellagitannin and has been reported to be the most active polyphenol obtained from different parts of the pomegranate tree (Punica granatum Linn.). Methanolic (and ethanolic) pomegranate peels extract contains a high amount of bioactive compounds including punicalagin (10-50 mg∕g) ( Xu et al., 2021, pp.1-12). Historically, seeds and juices are believed to have been taken as supplements to reduce the clinical symptoms of RA (Singh, Singh, & Mahajan, 2020, pp. 1306-1327). Marques and coauthors (2016) have already revealed that Punicalagin diminished TNF α and interleukin (IL) 6 secretion in macrophages and primary human chondrocytes with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflamed RAW264.7. (Marques et al., 2016, pp- 463-1467). Anthocyanins have been shown to represent potent anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-obesity and immunomodulatory activity. (Salehi et al., 2020, pp.1-20). Min and coauthors (2015) reported inhibitory effect of ACNs on osteoclasts via the downregulation of cytokines including IL-1, IL-6, IL-17, and TNF-α in vitro. the study showed EA reduced cartilage destruction, synovial hyperplasia and bone erosion generated by Freund’s adjuvant. Significant suppression of caspase-3 expression in models treated with EA testifies to the anti-apoptotic property of this biologic compound (Fikry, Gad, & Eid, 2019, pp. 878–886).
Exploring Phytotherapy's Preventive and Therapeutic Impact on Global COVID-19 Management: A Narrative Review
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2024-04-22) Sepideh Parchami Ghazaee; Petro Sereda; Kateryna Marchenko-Tolsta; Murtaza Hameed
Introduction: The WHO Emergency Committee advocates preventive strategies for COVID-19 management, emphasising vaccines as highly effective but acknowledging their limitations. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, initially effective against COVID-19, were discontinued due to severe side effects. Further clinical trials are imperative to establish the safety and efficacy of new antiviral agents, some of which may have harmful effects on human development. Objectives: The shortcomings of various conventional treatments have prompted urgent efforts to discover safe, natural compounds that may be useful in combating COVID-19. This study aims to review research that has investigated the potential of traditional phytotherapies used by different populations for the prevention and symptomatic treatment of COVID-19 infection. Methods: This paper reviewed scientific studies published through searching on search engines such as PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect and Elsevier from May until October 2023. Results: The preventive and anti-COVID-19 attributes of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ayurvedic formulations and African medicinal plants have been substantiated in research. In Nepal, recommendations endorse the utilisation of medicinal plants for herbal teas and homemade sanitizers. Zingiber officinale, Curcuma longa L. and Curcuma xanthorriza Roxb., along with Camellia sinensis are crucial Indonesian medicinal plants with potential for treating COVID-19. Z. officinale was predominantly chosen for relieving coughs and sore throats associated with COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia. Discussion: The immunomodulatory properties of medicinal plants, which may prove useful in combating COVID-19, have been verified via elevation of the level of peripheral WBCs, IgM, IgG; inhibition of leukotrienes and prostaglandins, maintenance of the integrity of intestinal mucosal barrier and regulation of HMGB1. The antiviral effects of herbs, including the inhibition of viral DNA and RNA replication, down-regulation of oxidative stress, and the impediment of SARS-CoV-2 access to vascular endothelial cells, suggest their potential to facilitate earlier recovery from COVID-19 infection. Conclusion: Advancing scientific research in phytotherapy promises the possibility of novel approaches for effectively managing future infectious diseases and pandemics.
RENOPROTECTIVE PROPERTIES OF NOVEL ANTI-DIABETIC AGENTS
(Primedia E-launch LLC, 2023-09-12) Sepideh Ghazaee; Kateryna Marchenko-Tolsta; Petro Sereda; Sandra Lane
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is the steady loss of renal function over time. CKD can also constitute abnormalities in the kidney structure. Kidney damage is measured using albuminuria, structural abnormalities, electrolytes and other abnormalities, prior kidney transplant or a projected glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m [1]. Even though CKD has no known cure, its advancement can be slowed down by regulating the risk factors like high blood glucose levels, high blood pressure and dyslipidemia [2]. According to Mohamed et al. [3] diabetes accounts for almost 44% of all new CKD cases; this means that approximately 1 in 3 patients with diabetes also have kidney disease. For this reason, this investigation was chosen to analyze the agents that can regulate blood glucose levels while having renoprotective effects that have been shown to be enormously beneficial in this patient group.

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