Browsing by Author "Sepideh Parchami Ghazaee"

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A Review of the Novel Antidiabetic Medications: Efficacy, Safety and Innovation
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2023-04-14) Sepideh Parchami Ghazaee; Viktor Tumanov; Natalia Voloshyna; Kateryna Marchenko-Tolsta; Murtaza Hameed
ntroduction: Type 2 diabetes is a chronic health condition affecting hundreds of millions of people. Type 2 diabetes has traditionally been combated with a combination of lifestyle modification, insulin therapy and pharmacological agents, including sulfonylureas, biguanides, thiazolidinediones and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. Type 2 diabetes is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and the development of diabetic kidney disease. Although sulfonylureas are low-cost drugs and widely prescribed, they have been shown in recent cardiovascular outcome trials to present a high risk of hypoglycemia, which in turn increases the risk of negative cardiovascular outcomes. Metformin, a biguanide that is the most commonly-prescribed antidiabetic agent worldwide, is contraindicated in patients with risk factors for lactic acidosis, including heart failure and chronic kidney disease. Objectives: The last decade has seen significant advances in the development of novel antidiabetic agents shown to possess both reno- and cardioprotective qualities. This article aims to review the available literature and recent studies demonstrating the efficacy and safety of these agents individually, as well as exploring areas of future development in the field. Methods: The reporting of this review is based on the 2020 PRISMA statement. A literature search for all papers related to antidiabetic medication was conducted using reliable sources such PubMed and Google Scholar Databases, including a recent meta-analysis of renal and cardiovascular outcome trials. Conclusion: A critical analysis of clinical trials on type 2 diabetes and the two most severe comorbidities in cardiovascular and chronic kidney diseases may help cardiologists, urologists and diabetes specialists to adapt their therapeutic approaches to individual patients. Data related to antidiabetic effects of agents of natural origin accompanied by their Cardioprotective and renoprotective capacity testify benefits of these compounds as novel therapeutic agents.
A Systematic Review of the Novel Targeted Immunobiological Medications in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Efficacy, Safety, and Innovation
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2024-03-28) Sepideh Parchami Ghazaee; Kateryna Marchenko-Tolsta; Petro Sereda; Murtaza Hameed; Sandra Lane
Introduction: Over the last half-century, the treatment and management of autoimmune rheumatic diseases have progressively improved, particularly with the contribution of immunobiological or biological therapies known as disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Although these agents have been generally efficient in the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), some patients experience limited efficacy and non-responsiveness to treatment. In addition, they may cause adverse clinical effects, further aggravating the disease. Objectives: Despite advancements in biological therapies, significant clinical needs persist. This review aims to discuss novel treatments, guiding future guidelines and drug discoveries for rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: This review follows the 2020 PRISMA statement, utilising PubMed and Google Scholar for literature search and emphasizing recent meta-analyses on the safety and efficacy of targeted immunobiological medications. Results: Small molecule inhibitors, whether utilised independently or in conjunction with Methotrexate, have been shown to contribute to effective disease management and have the potential for better adherence to the American College of Rheumatology criteria. Tocilizumab therapy demonstrates a significant reduction in disease activity and improves rates of disease remission when combined with Methotrexate. Investigations of mesenchymal stromal cell therapies have had promising outcomes, improving both cartilage quality (as evaluated by Macroscopic Cartilage Repair Assessment) and joint tenderness and swelling in clinical joint counts. Intra-articular administration of tolerogenic dendritic cells has displayed a capacity to alleviate pain, as measured by Visual Analog Scale scores, and enhance the Disease Activity Score across 28 joints. Resveratrol capsules supplemented with allopathic therapy show potential in reducing TNF-α and interleukin-6 serum levels. Conclusion: More investigations and their analysis will improve patient outcomes and reduce adverse effects and the costs involved in developing and obtaining immunobiological drugs. Moreover, assessing the safety and efficacy of anti-RA properties of the bioactive compounds could offer less toxic and more cost-effective natural treatment options.
Exploring Phytotherapy's Preventive and Therapeutic Impact on Global COVID-19 Management: A Narrative Review
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2024-04-22) Sepideh Parchami Ghazaee; Petro Sereda; Kateryna Marchenko-Tolsta; Murtaza Hameed
Introduction: The WHO Emergency Committee advocates preventive strategies for COVID-19 management, emphasising vaccines as highly effective but acknowledging their limitations. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, initially effective against COVID-19, were discontinued due to severe side effects. Further clinical trials are imperative to establish the safety and efficacy of new antiviral agents, some of which may have harmful effects on human development. Objectives: The shortcomings of various conventional treatments have prompted urgent efforts to discover safe, natural compounds that may be useful in combating COVID-19. This study aims to review research that has investigated the potential of traditional phytotherapies used by different populations for the prevention and symptomatic treatment of COVID-19 infection. Methods: This paper reviewed scientific studies published through searching on search engines such as PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect and Elsevier from May until October 2023. Results: The preventive and anti-COVID-19 attributes of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ayurvedic formulations and African medicinal plants have been substantiated in research. In Nepal, recommendations endorse the utilisation of medicinal plants for herbal teas and homemade sanitizers. Zingiber officinale, Curcuma longa L. and Curcuma xanthorriza Roxb., along with Camellia sinensis are crucial Indonesian medicinal plants with potential for treating COVID-19. Z. officinale was predominantly chosen for relieving coughs and sore throats associated with COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia. Discussion: The immunomodulatory properties of medicinal plants, which may prove useful in combating COVID-19, have been verified via elevation of the level of peripheral WBCs, IgM, IgG; inhibition of leukotrienes and prostaglandins, maintenance of the integrity of intestinal mucosal barrier and regulation of HMGB1. The antiviral effects of herbs, including the inhibition of viral DNA and RNA replication, down-regulation of oxidative stress, and the impediment of SARS-CoV-2 access to vascular endothelial cells, suggest their potential to facilitate earlier recovery from COVID-19 infection. Conclusion: Advancing scientific research in phytotherapy promises the possibility of novel approaches for effectively managing future infectious diseases and pandemics.
USE OF BIOSIMILARS IN MEDICINE
(Sole proprietorship -Gulyaeva V.М, 2020-07-26) Sepideh Parchami Ghazaee
Biosimilars are worldwide approved biologic products (originator), complex and large molecules that are highly similar to the reference drug according to structure, function, clinical and quality characteristics, representing no clinically noteworthy differences in safety, purity, or potency and immunogenicity in comparison to biologic drugs. While high cost of healthcare system limits the access of patient population to treatment, biosimilars considered as important healthcare treatment options, reducing the costs for patients and for insurance companies. Development and regulatory approval of biosimilars need specific guide-line developed by The European Medicines Agency, United States Food and Drug Administration and World Health Organization. (Ahmed, 2016; Pittman, 2019). At present there are some approved biosimilars in oncology and treatment of autoimmune diseases. Biologics (monoclonal antibodies [mAbs] and hematopoietic agents) are recommended in oncology guidelines and supportive oncology care (reducing common adverse effects following chemotherapy), enhancing clinical, health-related quality of life. Biologics such as Epoetin alfa, darbepoetin, Filgrastim and its analog and pegfilgrastim that are produced using recombinant DNA technology are included as agents that provide restoring hematological response. Also, it is worthy of note that biosimilars are not only widely used in cancer treatment and supportive care in Europe and USA, but in the Middle east and Asia because of cost saving and the same safety and efficacy. Since regulatory framework for biosimilars introduced in Europe earlier than USA, higher number of these agents are approved by European countries according to nonclinical and pharmaceutical evidences. (Patel, 2018).It is well-known that biologics (biosimilars) have considerable effect on the clinical management of inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases, and immune-mediated inflammatory conditions such as psoriasis, and psoriatic arthritis. biosimilars for infliximab, then etanercept and finally adalimumab are approved by European countries for treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (Baumgart, 2019). There are different factors affecting improvement of patient access to biosimilars. Low cost of biosimilars relative to reference products is an important advantage can improve patient access. Knowledge of physicians, patient understanding about variety of benefits of biosismilars and supporting patients by marketing communications and public relations may encourage the use of these agents. Efficacy, quality and safety of biosimilars may ensure patients make treatment decision (Kim, 2020).