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Item INFLUENCE OF CHOLESTEROL ENRICHED DIET ON GENES EXPRESSION ENCODING BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN-2 AND OSTEOCALCIN IN MOUSE MANDIBLE(Wiadomości Lekarskie Medical Advances, 2023-07) Inessa Yakubova; Volodymyr Ostrianko; Victor Dosenko; Liliia Bielova; Yurii Skrypnyk; Ganna ViunThe aim: To evaluate the mRNA expression of the key regulators of osteogenesis – osteocalcin and BMP-2 in the mouse embryos mandible (17th day of pregnancy) which were borne by females on high-cholesterol diet for 30 days before fertilization and throughout pregnancy. Materials and methods: Experimental hypercholesterolemia (2%) was simulated by adding Cholesterol to the diet for 60 days. In experiment were used 40 mature female white mice that were randomly divided to control and experimental groups. The control group were fed with standard chow diet, the experimental group with diet with cholesterol enriched diet (with addition of 2 grams of Cholesterol per 100 grams of standard chow). The mandibles of mouse embryos (E−17) were examined by using molecular genetic methods. Results: In control group the relative level of BMP-2 mRNA / actin mRNA was 27.0±2.82, the relative level of and osteocalcin mRNA / actin mRNA was 30.5±6,28. In the jaws of animals in the experimental group with cholesterol enriched diet, the expression relative level of BMP-2 was 30.9±5.81 that is by 14,4% higher than in control group. Therefore, the expression level of оsteocalcin, on the contrary, decreased by 22.3% and was 23.7+5.31. Conclusions: Our study report influence of the cholesterol enriched diet (2%) on mRNA expression of BMP-2 and osteocalcin encoding genes. The embryos from mouse on cholesterol enriched diet (2%) had increased level of BMP-2 gene expression, however significantly decreased level of osteocalcin gene expression.Item Analysis of Risk Factors in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders in the Ukraine Associated with Early Childhood Caries(Journal of International Dental and Medical Research, 2024-06-02) Inessa Yakubova; Sergii Tsypan; Oleksii Potapenko; Tetiana Zhdanova; Volodymyr Ostrianko; Andrii BibenThe number of children with ASD is growing in Ukraine. At the same time, the prevalence of caries in children under 6 years of age is increasing every year. There is no consensus in the scientific literature on the potential relationship between ASD, ECC in children and related factors. The main purpose is to study and evaluate the risk factors for ECC in children with ASD. 92 children aged 5 to 6 years were under observation. The main group included 69 children with ASD, and the control group included 23 healthy children without ASD. The study was conducted by using a questionnaire of parents' sanitary and hygienic knowledge and assessing children's manual skills. The hygiene index of Yu. A. Fedorov and V.V. Volodkina was used to assess the quality of oral hygiene in children aged 5-6 years. The state of the acid-base balance of mixed saliva was assessed using the pH index and for this purpose, test strips with a graduated scale of 5.2 - 7.4 (ISO 13485) were used. We found that the oral hygiene was maintained twice a day only in 33.33% of children in the main group with ASD. The average value of the hygiene index in children of the main group with ASD is 2.70±0.13 points, which indicates poor hygiene. In children with ASD pH of the oral fluid averaged 5.96±0.07 and it was interpreted as slightly acidic. Based on the on the results above, the sanitary and hygienic behavior, the nature of nutrition, food preferences, and the quality of hygienic care analyzed in this study are directly related to the development of ECC in children 5-6 years old with ASD and are the important risk factors. In addition, risk factors in children with and without ASD differ and are elevated in children with the autistic spectrum. Thus, nutrition correction and the development of preventive oral hygiene programs are considered especially important for children with ASD.Item Influence of maternal cholesterol-enriched diet on chemical composition of teeth enamel in offspring of mice(Wiadomości Lekarskie Medical Advances, 2024-02) Inessa Yakubova; Victor Dosenko; Volodymyr Ostrianko; Serhii Tsypan; Liliia Bielova; Ganna ViunAim: To determine the chemical composition of the tooth enamel of two-day-old mice from hypercholesterolemic mothers by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Materials and Methods: Forty mature female mice were randomly assigned (n = 20/group) to either a standard chow vivarium diet (control group) or a cholesterol-enriched chow diet (experimental group). After fertilization, pregnancy and birth, on postnatal day 2, the incisor segments of 6 pups form each group were used for energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Results: Influence of maternal hypercholesterolemic diet on tooth development and mineralization was examined, which revealed changes in enamel chemical composition. First, the results indicate the presence of seven elements (Na, Cl, Ca, P, Mg, S, Fe) in the enamel of both the hypercholesterolemic and normal offspring, but the content of element Ca2+ decreased, the content of elements P5+, Na+, Cl- tended to increase in pups from hypercholesterolemic mice. Second, the initial level of mineralization according to the atomic (%) Ca / P in hypercholesterolemic pups ratio was 1.26, comparing with normal pups where level of mineralization was 1.34. Taking into account that irreversible changes in the structure of the enamel were observed when the Ca / P ratio was below 1.33, we can suggest that the eruption of teeth with an imperfect structure could be because of maternal hypercholesterolemic diet. Conclusions: Results of this study suggest that hypercholesterolemic diet during gestation and lactation leads to altered enamel mineralization in mice because of changes in chemical composition and may link to the early childhood caries.Item PREVALENCE OF GINGIVITIS IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS ASD(Wiadomości Lekarskie Medical Advances, 2023-01) Inessa Yakubova; Sergii Tsypan; Tetiana Zhdanova; Oleksii Potapenko; Ganna ViunThe aim: To evaluate and compare the prevalence of gingivitis according to the PMA index in children aged 5 to 6 years in preschool with ASD and without disorders (Kyiv, Ukraine). Materials and methods: Oral assessment was conduct on 69 children with ASD and 23 children without ASD aged 5 to 6 years. To determine the periodontal status it was used the papillary-marginal-alveolar index – PMA (according to Schour, Massler, in the modification of Parma). Results: Children with ASD (18.84%) were 3.7 times less likely to have a clinically healthy periodontium than children without disorders (69.57%). The average PMA index among the main group was 6.8 times higher (15.31 ± 1.49%) than in the control group (2.25. ± 0.73%), but this difference was not statistically confirmed (p> 0.05). The most common pathology of periodontal tissues was chronic catarrhal gingivitis. 49.28% of children in main group with ASD had mild catarrhal gingivitis, while just 30.47% of children in control group without ASD had this pathology. Catarrhal moderate gingivitis was diagnosed in 31.88% of children from main group, symptoms of moderate gingivitis were not detected in the control group without disorders. Conclusions: ASD children 5-6 years old may have major risk of developing such periodontal lesions as mild and moderate gingivitis. Further investigations need to be done to clarify prevalence of other oral pathologies in ASD individuals to understand the effect of the disorder on oral health.